Because Statistical Software Plays Such an Important Role in Modern

question 53

Multiple Choice

Because statistical software plays such an important role in modern statistical applications,many studies have encouraged the use of technology in statistics courses.The Guidelines for the Assessment and Instruction in Statistics Education (GAISE) (Aliaga et al. ,2005) project was funded by the American Statistical Association to examine needs for college level statistics courses.One of the six recommendations from GAISE is the use of technology for developing conceptual understanding and analyzing data.A survey was sent to students at 100 different universities across the United States to access the relationship between ease of learning the statistical software program SAS and a student's currently level of SAS proficiency.The results of the survey are published in Jackson et al. ,2011,in the International Mathematical Forum journal and are shown below. Table 1.Two-way table for ease of learning SAS and SAS proficiency level. Which graph displays the correct distribution for comparing "very easy" ease of learning SAS and "somewhat proficient" proficiency?

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Definitions:

Environments

The various physical and social settings in which individuals, organizations, and systems operate.

Contingencies

Conditions or events that are not certain to occur but may have a significant impact if they do.

Organizational Structure

Organizational structure outlines how activities such as task allocation, coordination, and supervision are directed toward the achievement of organizational aims, defining how job roles and responsibilities are distributed.

Integrator Roles

Positions or responsibilities in an organization that involve coordinating and synthesizing information across different departments to ensure aligned and efficient operations.