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How Do We Calculate the P-Value for a Permutation Test

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How do we calculate the P-value for a permutation test?


Definitions:

Social Presence

A measure of how much an individual feels socially connected and present in a digital or virtual environment.

Social Stratification

The division of society into levels, classes, or groups based on socioeconomic status, power, ethnicity, or other factors.

Social Altruism

The selfless concern for the welfare of others, often leading to actions that benefit someone else at one's own expense.

Social Loafing

The phenomenon where individuals exert less effort when working in a group than when working alone.

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