"Cramming" Is a Technique Often Used by Students to Prepare

question 42

Multiple Choice

"Cramming" is a technique often used by students to prepare for exams,in which they study for extended hours only a few days before the exams.Often students drink caffeinated beverages to help them stay awake while cramming for exams.Five students were randomly selected and asked to drink highly caffeinated beverages before their first midterm exam and then drink only water before their second midterm exam in the same subject.The difference of the scores (midterm 2 - midterm 1) is shown below for the five students. Using the continuity correction,what is the probability that needs to be calculated in order to obtain the P-value used to test the null hypothesis of no difference using the Wilcoxon signed rank test statistic?

• A)P(W⁺  12)
• B)P(W⁺  11.5)
• C)P(W⁺  12.5)
• D)None of the above

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Definitions:

Psychoanalytic

Refers to a theory of psychology that emphasizes unconscious determinants of behavior and the importance of childhood experiences.

Gestalt

A psychological theory suggesting that an organized whole is perceived as more than the sum of its parts, emphasizing pattern and context in perception.

Training

The process of enhancing one's skills, knowledge, and competencies through practice and instruction, aimed at improving performance in a specific area.

Interpersonal

Relating to or involving relations between people, typically emphasizing direct face-to-face interactions.