"Cramming" Is a Technique Often Used by Students to Prepare

question 42

Multiple Choice

"Cramming" is a technique often used by students to prepare for exams,in which they study for extended hours only a few days before the exams.Often students drink caffeinated beverages to help them stay awake while cramming for exams.Five students were randomly selected and asked to drink highly caffeinated beverages before their first midterm exam and then drink only water before their second midterm exam in the same subject.The difference of the scores (midterm 2 - midterm 1) is shown below for the five students. Using the continuity correction,what is the probability that needs to be calculated in order to obtain the P-value used to test the null hypothesis of no difference using the Wilcoxon signed rank test statistic?

• A)P(W⁺  12)
• B)P(W⁺  11.5)
• C)P(W⁺  12.5)
• D)None of the above

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Definitions:

Filament Cells

Elongated cells often found in plants and algae that form long, thread-like structures involved in photosynthesis and structure.

Gametophyte

The sexual phase in the life cycle of plants and algae that produces gametes.

Sporophyte

Diploid generation of the alternation-of-generations life cycle of a plant; produces haploid spores that develop into the haploid generation.

Fertilization

The process by which a sperm cell and an egg cell unite, resulting in the formation of a zygote, marking the beginning of a new organism's development.