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The statistical model for simple linear regression is written as ,where
represents the mean of a Normally distributed response variable and x represents the explanatory variable.The parameters
and
are estimated,giving the linear regression model defined by
,with standard deviation = 5. The explanatory variable x is ________.
Opportunity Costs of War
The economic resources and benefits that are forgone by engaging in war, including the impact on trade, development, and the allocation of government spending.
International Trade
The international transfer of goods, services, and capital across national boundaries or regions.
Barriers to Free Trade
Restrictions, such as tariffs, quotas, and regulations, imposed by governments to control international trade and protect domestic industries.
International Allocation
The distribution of resources, goods, or capital among countries around the globe according to various economic factors and policies.
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