Urinary Reflux Disorder May Be Caused by

question 42

Multiple Choice

Urinary reflux disorder may be caused by

• A) a problem with a ureteral valve.
• B) neurologic damage to the bladder.
• C) an obstruction that causes blockage.
• D) All of the above

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Definitions:

Immunological Theory

A theory of aging that holds that the immune system is preset to decline by an internal biological clock.

Cellular Damage

Refers to injury to cells due to external factors like pathogens, toxins, or internal factors such as genetic mutations, leading to impaired cell function or death.

Aging

The process of becoming older, a physiological and biological progression that involves changes in physical, psychological, and social attributes over time.

Free Radicals

Unstable atoms or molecules that have unpaired electrons, which can cause damage to cells, proteins, and DNA by oxidative stress.