A Markov Assumption Is That the Probabilities Apply to ________

question 18

Multiple Choice

A Markov assumption is that the probabilities apply to ________ system participants.

• A) none of the
• B) the major
• C) some
• D) all

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Definitions:

Stomata

Small openings or pores found on the undersides of leaves and in some stems, which are essential for gas exchange between the plant and the atmosphere.

Epidermis

The outermost layer of cells covering the body of an organism, providing protection against environmental factors.

Bundle Sheaths

Layers of tightly packed cells surrounding vascular bundles in plants, playing a key role in the process of photosynthesis in certain species.

Stipule Cells

Cells found at the base of the petiole in some plants, forming a structure known as a stipule, which may protect budding leaves or other functions.