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Consider the following three figures, which show the Phillips curve relationship for the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. The output gap is on the x-axis and the change in inflation, , is on the y-axis. Explain what each of these Phillips curves tells us about each of the three decades. In which period would fighting inflation be the most difficult?Figure 9.9: Phillips Curve Relationship, 1970s
Figure 9.10: Phillips Curve Relationship, 1980s
Figure 9.11: Phillips Curve Relationship, 1990s
Discrimination
Unfair treatment of a person or group based on characteristics such as race, gender, age, or sex, rather than individual merit.
Legal Situations
Circumstances or cases that involve or are subject to laws, legal processes, or legal interpretations.
Disparate Impact
A phenomenon where a policy or practice appears neutral but disproportionately affects individuals of a certain group, often used in discussions of employment discrimination.
Four-Fifths Rule
A guideline used in the United States to assess discrimination in employment practices, indicating potential bias if a selection rate for any race, sex, or ethnic group is less than four-fifths (80%) of the rate for the group with the highest selection rate.
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