Top-Down Change Is Initiated and Directed by Top Management

question 42

Multiple Choice

Top-down change is initiated and directed by top management.It usually includes all of the following implications EXCEPT:

• A)Top-down change may be perceived as insensitive to the needs of lower-level personnel.
• B)Top-down change may encounter excessive resistance.
• C)Top-down change relies on the willingness of middle-level and lower-level managers to actively support top-management initiatives.
• D)Top-down change can be implemented effectively through the use of force.
• E)Top-down change may fail due to insufficient commitment of lower-level employees to changing.

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