The Implications of Bottom-Up Change Include All of the Following

question 6

Multiple Choice

The implications of bottom-up change include all of the following except

• A) initiatives for change come from people throughout the organization.
• B) bottom-up change is essential for organizational innovation.
• C) change is made possible through empowerment, involvement, and participation.
• D) bottom-up change facilitates the adaptation of operations and technologies to the changing work environment.
• E) bottom-up change requires the approval and close oversight of top-level managers.

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Definitions:

Persuasive Impact

The effect of communication or argumentation in convincing or influencing others to change their beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors.

Dependent Variable

In an experimental study, it is the variable being tested and measured, expected to change as a result of manipulations to the independent variable.

Independent Variable

A variable in an experiment that is manipulated or changed by the researcher to study its effects on the dependent variable.

Extraneous Variable

A variable that is not of interest in a study but may affect the outcome of the experiment if not controlled.