Clark's Model of Panic Postulates That Panic Attacks Arise from

question 14

Multiple Choice

Clark's model of panic postulates that panic attacks arise from

• A) catastrophic misinterpretation of arousal-related bodily sensations.
• B) the correct interpretation of bodily sensations.
• C) raised levels of norepinephrine.
• D) previous conditioning experiences.
• E) lowered levels of norepinephrine.

Understand the significance of epigenetics in the development of psychological disorders.

Recognize the role of the DSM-5 in classifying and diagnosing psychological disorders.

Appreciate how environmental and genetic factors interact in the manifestation of psychological disorders.

Identify the cultural influences on the presentation and prevalence of psychological disorders.

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Definitions:

Unconditioned Stimulus

In classical conditioning, a stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers an unconditioned response without prior learning.

Conditioned Response

A learned reaction to a previously neutral stimulus that has been repeatedly presented along with an unconditioned stimulus.

Unconditioned Response

An automatic, innate reaction to a stimulus that does not depend on prior learning or conditioning.

Negative Punishment

A behavioral strategy involving the removal of a desirable stimulus following an undesirable behavior to decrease the likelihood of the behavior's recurrence.