For the Potential Energy of a Proton Gradient to Be

question 192

Multiple Choice

For the potential energy of a proton gradient to be converted to the chemical energy of ATP, the movement of protons down their electrochemical gradient must be coupled with ATP synthesis. This coupling is made possible by:

• A)ATP synthase.
• B)coenzyme Q.
• C)cytochrome c.
• D)oxygen.
• E)protein complex IV.

Appreciate the complexity and diversity of the universe as explored through scientific inquiry.

Understand the impact of scientific research on the development of governmental policy.

Recognize the influence of economic or political interests on natural science research and its implications.

Grasp the significance of comprehensive, testable, and consistent scientific theories.

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Definitions:

Temporal Contiguity

The occurrence of two events close together in time, which can lead to an association between them in learning.

Unconditioned Stimulus

In classical conditioning, a stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response without any learning needed.

Conditioned Response

A learned reaction or behavior to a previously neutral stimulus that has become associated with a significant stimulus.

Novel Stimulus

A new or unfamiliar stimulus that has not been previously experienced by an organism, often used in experimental research to gauge response or attention.