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Imagine that a researcher has created two possible phylogenetic trees for a group of organismsone that hypothesizes that five character changes occurred in a given group, and one that predicts only two character changes occurred in the same group. If the researcher wants to choose a phylogenetic tree based on parsimony, she will pick the phylogenetic tree with two character changes as her working hypothesis.
Variable
An element, feature, or factor that is likely to vary or change; it could also refer to costs that fluctuate with the level of output.
Fixed Costs
Costs that do not vary with the level of production or sales, such as rent or salaries, providing predictability for budgeting.
Responsibility Accounting
A system of accounting that segments financial information by areas of responsibility, allowing managers to be held accountable for their areas' financial performance.
Not-for-Profit Entities
Organizations that operate for purposes other than making a profit, often focusing on social, educational, or charitable endeavors.
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