To Conduct a Phylogenetic Analysis, an Outgroup Is Needed in Order

question 9

Multiple Choice

To conduct a phylogenetic analysis, an outgroup is needed in order to:

• A)decide which characters are analogous and which are homologous.
• B)determine which character states are ancestral and which are derived.
• C)determine which characteristics to include in our analysis.
• D)decide which molecular data to use.
• E)All of these choices are correct.

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Definitions:

Essential Nutrient

Nutrients required for normal body functioning that cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained from a dietary source.

Cells

The smallest living units of structure and function.

Amino Acids

Organic compounds that combine to form proteins, serving as the building blocks of life with critical roles in gene expression, enzyme function, and cellular structure.

Lipoproteins

Large molecules that are fat-soluble on the inside and water-soluble on the outside and carry lipids such as cholesterol and triglycerides through the bloodstream.