Twin Studies Have Been Used to Assess the Relative Importance

question 2

Multiple Choice

Twin studies have been used to assess the relative importance of "nature" versus "nurture" in determining variation among individuals for complex traits. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

• A)Identical twins differ because of genotype and environment.
• B)Fraternal twins differ only because of environment.
• C)Twin studies show that autism and clinical depression are significantly influenced by genotype.
• D)The concordance of fraternal twins is greater than that of identical twins for most complex traits.
• E)Studies of fraternal twins compensate for environmental influences that may be stronger for identical twins compared to fraternal twins.

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Definitions:

Degrees of Freedom

The capacity of different values or numerals that can be designated to a statistical distribution.

α

A symbol often used to denote the probability of making a Type I error in hypothesis testing, representing the significance level.

Level of Significance

The probability threshold in hypothesis testing below which the null hypothesis is rejected, indicating statistical significance.

Type I Error

The mistake of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually true, often termed as a "false positive" in hypothesis testing.