Many Normal Genes That Have Important Functions in Cells Sometimes

question 155

Multiple Choice

Many normal genes that have important functions in cells sometimes acquire mutations that cause the products of these genes to have negative effects, including the development of cancer. These genes are called:

• A)oncogenes.
• B)proto-oncogenes.
• C)tumor suppressor genes.
• D)viral genes.

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Definitions:

Conventional Punishment

Traditional forms of punishment used to decrease or eliminate undesirable behaviors.

Effective Punishment

A punishment that reduces the likelihood of the behavior it follows occurring again, by being immediate, consistent, and proportionate.

Fear Stimulus

Any object, situation, or event that elicits a fear response, either through learned experience or innate reaction.

Extinction Procedure

The process in conditioning where the conditioned stimulus is presented without the unconditioned stimulus, leading to a decrease in the conditioned response over time.