Randy Has Been Smoking for 20 Years and Enjoys the Smell

question 51

Multiple Choice

Randy has been smoking for 20 years and enjoys the smell of cigarette smoke. For Randy, the smell of a burning cigarette would be​

• A) ​a negative reinforcer.
• B) ​a positive reinforcer.
• C) ​a noxious stimulus.
• D) ​an unconditioned stimulus.

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Definitions:

Stroke Volume

The amount of blood the heart ejects with each beat, a key component in determining cardiac output.

Venous Return

Volume of blood returning to the heart.

Stroke Volume

The amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle of the heart in one contraction.

Heart Rate

The number of heartbeats per unit of time, typically expressed in beats per minute (bpm).