​Which of These Smokers Exhibits an Optimistic Bias

question 40

Multiple Choice

​Which of these smokers exhibits an optimistic bias?

• A) ​Jim overestimates the danger of smoking and believes he has a very high chance of developing a smoking-related disease before age 60.
• B) ​Loraine believes that smoking is not really dangerous and she has about the same risk for smoking-related diseases as other people have.
• C) ​Robbie overestimates the danger of smoking and believes that she has about the same risk for smoking-related diseases as do other people.
• D) ​Joe understands the danger of smoking but believes that his risk of getting a smoking-related disease is less than that of other smokers.

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Definitions:

Labor Market

The supply of available workers in relation to available employment.

Product Market

The marketplace where final goods or services are traded between sellers and consumers.

Financialization

The process by which financial markets, financial institutions, and financial elites gain a greater influence over economic policy and economic outcomes.

Labor Relations

The study and practice of managing the relationships between employers and their workforce, including the negotiation of collective bargaining agreements and handling of disputes.