All of the Following Describe Threats to External Validity Except

question 40

Multiple Choice

All of the following describe threats to external validity except:

• A) characteristics of the individual research participants
• B) participants awareness of their behaviors, moods, and attitudes
• C) improved scores due to familiarity with the test upon re-testing
• D) responding differently in a research study than a participant would act in other contexts

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Definitions:

Cytokine Release

The process by which immune cells secrete cytokines, proteins that modulate the immune and inflammatory responses.

Arterial Plaque

Deposits of fatty substances, cholesterol, and other materials on the inner walls of arteries, which can lead to cardiovascular diseases.

Stress Hormones

Hormones like cortisol and adrenaline that are released in response to stress, affecting the body's metabolism, immune system, and other functions.

Permanent Predisposition

A long-lasting tendency or inclination to a particular condition or quality, often related to genetic or hereditary factors.