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Describe the principles of risk, needs, and responsivity. Identify two examples of criminogenic needs and two examples of noncriminogenic needs.
Implicit Marginal Tax Rates
The effective rate of taxation on an individual’s additional income from work or other sources, taking into account the loss of benefits or tax deductions as income increases.
Income Transfer Programs
Government initiatives designed to redistribute money from certain groups of individuals to others, typically from the wealthier segments of society to those in need, to reduce economic inequality.
Able-bodied Poor
Individuals who are physically capable of working but are living in poverty due to unemployment, underemployment, or low wages.
Implicit Marginal Tax Rates
The effective rate at which additional income is taxed, considering both explicit taxes and the phase-out of benefits or allowances.
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