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Payors are not required to use backup withholding if:
Sum of Squares
The total squared difference between each observation and the mean of the data set, used in statistical analysis to measure variation.
Mean Absolute Deviation
A measure of variability that shows the average distance between each data point and the mean of the dataset.
Assignable Variation
Variation in a process that can be traced to specific causes, as opposed to random variation.
Specific Events
Distinct occurrences or outcomes with defined characteristics, often analyzed in probability and statistical studies.
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