In Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions, a -CO₂H Substituent on the Aromatic

question 84

Multiple Choice

In electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions, a -CO₂H substituent on the aromatic ring is ________.

• A) a deactivator and a m-director
• B) a deactivator and an o,p-director
• C) an activator and a m-director
• D) an activator and an o,p-director
• E) none of the above

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Definitions:

Standard Costs

Predetermined or budgeted costs serving as benchmarks for measuring performance, commonly used for budgeting and variance analysis.

Actual Costs

The real costs incurred in the production of goods or in the provision of services.

Direct Labor Variance

The discrepancy between the expected (budgeted) cost of direct labor and the actual cost incurred during a production period.

Direct Labor Time Variance

The difference between the estimated time to produce a good and the actual time taken, often used in cost accounting.