What Element Is the Most Abundant by Mass in Earth's

question 13

Multiple Choice

What element is the most abundant by mass in Earth's crust

• A) Fe
• B) H
• C) K
• D) P
• E) O

---

Definitions:

Negative Reinforcer

A stimulus whose removal immediately after a response increases the frequency of that response in the future.

Immediate Reinforcer

A reward that occurs directly following a behavior, which increases the likelihood of that behavior being repeated.

Variable-ratio Schedule

A reinforcement schedule in operant conditioning where a response is rewarded after an unpredictable number of responses, which tends to produce high and steady rates of response.

Continuous Reinforcement

A method of learning where every correct response is reinforced every time, leading to faster acquisition of behavior but quicker extinction once reinforcement stops.