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Two Isotopes of an Element Differ Only in Their

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Two isotopes of an element differ only in their


Definitions:

Original Stimulus

The initial stimulus or environmental cue that elicits a natural, unlearned response in classical conditioning before any conditioning takes place.

Weber Fraction Values

Measures that quantify the smallest change in a stimulus that can be perceived, based on Weber's Law, which relates to the just noticeable difference in sensory perception.

Sensory Modalities

Various forms of senses through which living organisms perceive the world, such as sight, sound, smell, taste, and touch.

Detecting Pain

The physiological and psychological process by which organisms recognize and respond to stimuli that are noxious and potentially harmful.

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