In Terms of Discrimination and Meritocracy

question 3

Multiple Choice

In terms of discrimination and meritocracy

• A) excluding entire categories of people from equal access to opportunity through discrimination contributes to the "myth of meritocracy."
• B) by excluding women and minorities from union membership, training programs, and certain jobs, employer discrimination provided systematic advantages for White men.
• C) the effects of inheritance are included as unequal starting points in the race to get ahead.
• D) unequal access to educational opportunities is a nonmeritorious factor that influences people's success in life.
• E) All of the above.

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Definitions:

Odds Ratio

A measure of association between an exposure and an outcome, indicating the odds of an outcome occurring in an exposed group compared to a non-exposed group.

Case-Control Study

A type of observational study that compares individuals with a specific condition (cases) to those without it (controls) to identify risk factors or outcomes.

Exposure Status

The classification of individuals based on their encountered level of a particular factor, substance, or environmental condition that may influence their health.

Incidence

The number of new cases of a disease that occur in a specified population within a given time period.