One Way That Nociception (The Sensation of Pain) Is Modulated

question 45

Essay

One way that nociception (the sensation of pain) is modulated is by presynaptic inhibition of transmitter release from the nociceptive sensory neuron onto its postsynaptic target that takes information to the central nervous system (Figure Q3-48). Endogenous opioids (endorphins) are released onto the presynaptic terminal of the nociceptive sensory neuron. Figure Q3-48
A. If endorphins eventually result in an increased probability of Ca²⁺ channel closure, what will happen to the amount of glutamate release from the sensory neuron? Increase or decrease?
B. What would happen to Ca²⁺ channels if a G protein were activated in the absence of endorphin release?
C. Would endorphin result in synaptic facilitation or depression?

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Definitions:

Coordinating

Coordinating involves the organization of different elements or activities to enable them to work together efficiently and effectively.

Wilder Penfield

Noted for his innovative techniques in neurosurgery, especially for treating epilepsy through electrical stimulation of the brain.

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The regions of the brain's cortex that are involved in planning, controlling, and executing voluntary movements.

Spinal Cord

The main pathway for transmitting information between the brain and the rest of the body, housed within the spinal column.