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Ricky and Lucy are debating several types of taxes. Their debate has focused on the different types of tax rate structures and whether they are "fair." Please define each tax rate structure, provide examples of each structure, and discuss how each structure may be viewed with respect to vertical equity.
After-tax Real Rate
The actual income rate of return on an investment, after accounting for inflation and taxes.
After-tax Real Rate
The after-tax real rate is the interest rate that remains after adjusting for both taxes and inflation, showing the real earning power of money over time.
Real Interest Rate
The effective interest rate once inflation is considered, showcasing the authentic expense of borrowing and the legitimate earnings for investors.
Marginal Tax Rate
The rate at which the next dollar of taxable income is taxed, indicating the tax impact on an additional unit of income.
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