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What Is Concept Testing? What Is Its Importance? Explain Two

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What is concept testing? What is its importance? Explain two modern techniques used for concept testing.


Definitions:

Covariance

A measure indicating the extent to which two variables change together, but does not assess the dependency between them.

Standard Deviations

A statistic that quantifies the dispersion or variability of a dataset relative to its mean, indicating how spread out the numbers are.

Covariance

A measure of how two random variables change together, indicating the direction of their linear relationship (positive, negative, or zero).

Coefficient of Correlation

A statistical measure that calculates the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables, ranging from -1 to 1.

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