All of the Following Are Reasons Why an Association Relationship $\underline{\text{ except: }}$

question 22

Multiple Choice

All of the following are reasons why an association relationship may not imply a causal relationship $\underline{\text{ except: }}$

• A)the association may be due to pure chance
• B)the association may be the result of the influence of a third common factor
• C)both variables may be the cause and the effect at the same time
• D)the association may be hypothetical
• E)both c and d

---

Definitions:

Visual Recognition Scores

Quantitative measures of an individual's ability to identify and distinguish between visual stimuli accurately.

Attention Deficit Disorder

A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development.

Creativity

The ability to produce or think of new, valuable ideas, solutions, or artistic expressions.

Communicative Sound

Sounds produced by humans or animals with the intention of conveying a message or information to others.