Examlex
Pooh spends all of his income on honey and maple syrup.Because he views honey and maple syrup as perfect substitutes,he is willing to substitute honey for maple syrup at the constant rate of 1 teaspoon of honey to 2 teaspoons of maple syrup.If the price of honey in terms of maple syrup is 2.2,Pooh's optimal consumption bundle will consist entirely of maple syrup.
Causation
A principle in law and philosophy where a cause is linked to an effect; essential for establishing liability in tort cases.
Intervening Cause
An event that occurs after the defendant's act and contributes to a harm, potentially relieving the defendant of liability.
Superseding Cause
An unforeseeable event that interrupts the chain of causation and becomes the primary cause of an incident, relieving the defendant of liability.
Bystanders
Individuals who are present at an event or incident but do not take part in it.
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