An Example of the Way That Externalities Distort the Allocation

question 62

Multiple Choice

An example of the way that externalities distort the allocation of resources is

• A) positive economic surplus.
• B) positive externalities only.
• C) negative externalities only.
• D) negative economic surplus.
• E) both positive externalities and negative externalities.

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Definitions:

Fixed-Ratio

A schedule of reinforcement where a response is reinforced only after a specified number of responses, commonly used in behavior modification programs.

Variable-Interval

A schedule of reinforcement where a response is rewarded after an unpredictable amount of time has passed, in operant conditioning.

Fixed-Interval

A schedule in operant conditioning where rewards or responses are provided after a consistent and predictable amount of time has passed.

Variable-Ratio

A schedule of reinforcement where a response is reinforced after an unpredictable number of responses. This schedule creates a steady, high rate of responding.