DrGonzalez Has Just Completed a Correlational Study Where He Found

question 188

Multiple Choice

Dr.Gonzalez has just completed a correlational study where he found a strong association between parental expectations and child academic achievement.In other words,children who perform well in school tend to have parents who have high expectations of them.However,Dr.Gonzalez can't tell which variable causes the other.It may be that high expectations cause children to perform better,but it may be that children who perform better in school cause their parents to have higher expectations.This particular problem is known as:

• A)the bidirectional causality problem.
• B)the third variable problem.
• C)poor external validity.
• D)the experimenter expectancy effect.

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Definitions:

Chess Configurations

Describes the specific arrangement or positioning of pieces on a chessboard during the course of a game.

Chess Game

is a two-player strategy board game played on a checkered board with 64 squares arranged in an 8×8 grid, involving tactical and strategic thinking.

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A distinction in skill level and understanding between individuals; experts possess a high level of knowledge and competence in a particular domain, while novices have limited experience and proficiency.

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Variations among individuals in their psychological traits, abilities, and behaviors.