By Pairing the Ringing of a Bell with the Presentation

question 21

Multiple Choice

By pairing the ringing of a bell with the presentation of meat, Pavlov trained dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell even when no meat was presented. In this experiment, the meat was the ________.

• A) unconditioned response
• B) conditioned stimulus
• C) unconditioned stimulus
• D) conditioned response

---

Definitions:

Categorical Imperative

A foundational concept in Immanuel Kant's moral philosophy that demands actions be universally applicable, acting as an unconditional moral law.

Motives of Vanity

Reasons for acting based on excessive pride or admiration of one's own appearance or achievements.

Sake of Duty

Acting out of a sense of moral or ethical obligation rather than for personal gain or desire.

Maxim

A concise and general principle or rule of conduct, often serving as a guideline for behavior.