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Mice show signs of stress when they are crowded, but humans often seek crowds. Chapter 11 gave us insight into this topic. Integrate the research on crowding with your knowledge from Chapter 8, Behavior in Social and Cultural Context, concerning cultural differences in personal space and conversational distance.
Directional
Pertains to hypotheses or research that specify a direction (increase or decrease) in the expected outcome.
Null Hypothesis
A default hypothesis that there is no significant difference or effect, typically to be tested against an alternative hypothesis.
Null Hypothesis
A statistical hypothesis that assumes no significant difference or effect exists between certain characteristics of a population or data.
Equals Sign
A symbol (=) indicating mathematical equality between two expressions.
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