Becky Has an Intense Fear of Dogs

question 122

Multiple Choice

Becky has an intense fear of dogs. Her fear dates back to when as a young child she was attacked and bitten by a stray dog. Her dog phobia developed as a result of

• A) operant conditioning.
• B) classical conditioning.
• C) observational learning.
• D) negative reinforcement.

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Definitions:

Pacifism

The belief in the avoidance of war or violence as a means of resolving disputes or achieving social or political goals.

Intimidation

The act of frightening or coercing someone into doing or not doing something.

Scapegoat Theory

A theory suggesting that individuals may project their personal failures or problems onto a specific group or individual unfairly blamed for them.

Ingroup Bias

The tendency to favor and extend loyalty to members of one's own group over others, leading to prejudice and discrimination.