Which of the Following Studies Most Clearly Has the Directionality

question 55

Multiple Choice

Which of the following studies most clearly has the directionality problem?

• A) a study on whether or not a person was sexually abused as a child and how paranoid he or she is as an adult
• B) a study on the relationship between losing a limb and one's self-esteem
• C) a study relating college students' study habits to their final exam performance
• D) a study on the correlation between how much negative emotion a person has and how many physical symptoms he or she has

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Definitions:

Self-Censorship

The act of withholding or altering one's expression or speech to avoid offending or causing conflict with others.

Group Identities

The collective sense of belonging to a particular group based on shared attributes or interests.

Whistleblower

A person who exposes the misdeeds of others in organizations.

Ethical Standards

These are guidelines that dictate the conduct of individuals and organizations, based on principles of right and wrong.