Which of the Following Studies Most Clearly Has the Directionality

question 55

Multiple Choice

Which of the following studies most clearly has the directionality problem?

• A) a study on whether or not a person was sexually abused as a child and how paranoid he or she is as an adult
• B) a study on the relationship between losing a limb and one's self-esteem
• C) a study relating college students' study habits to their final exam performance
• D) a study on the correlation between how much negative emotion a person has and how many physical symptoms he or she has

---

Definitions:

Slaves

Individuals forced into servitude, deprived of personal freedom and the right to make their own life choices, often under harsh conditions.

Autonomy

The ability or right of an entity, especially a region or organization, to govern itself independently.

Owners

Individuals or entities that hold legal title to an object, property, or business, giving them certain rights such as usage, control, and the ability to transfer ownership.

Compromise of 1850

A series of laws passed in 1850 aimed at resolving the territorial and slavery controversies arising from the Mexican-American War.