External Reinforcers Are Utilized When

question 5

Multiple Choice

External reinforcers are utilized when

• A) managers perceive the change as not working in their favor.
• B) managers encourage employees by predicting that desired positive results will occur.
• C) the demands of a change situation are matched with the best approach to understanding resistance.
• D) there is a shared commitment to the need for organizational change.
• E) a and b only

---

Definitions:

Shape Constancy

The perceptual skill that allows individuals to recognize the shape of an object as the same, even when its angle, distance, or lighting changes.

Peripheral Vision

The ability to see objects and movement outside of the direct line of vision, towards the edges of the visual field.

Differentiation

The process by which cells or aspects of an organism change during development to serve specific functions.

Canalization

A concept in developmental biology referring to the ability of an organism to produce the same phenotype regardless of variability of its environment or genotype.