Use the Following to Answer Questions

question 8

Multiple Choice

Use the following to answer questions
Scenario I
The following scenario presents fabricated data consistent with the results of the following study:
Gilbertson,M.W. ,Shenton,M.E. ,Ciszewski,A. ,Kasai,K. ,Lasko,N .B. ,Orr,S.P. ,& Pitman,R.K.(2002) .Smaller hippocampal volume predicts pathologic vulnerability to psychological trauma.Nature Neuroscience,5,1242-1247.
Persons who live through a traumatic experience may develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) .PTSD is characterized by chronic physiological arousal,recurrent unwanted thoughts or images,and avoidance of things that bring the trauma to mind,with symptoms persisting for more than 1 month.Persons with PTSD also are at risk for other psychological disorders,with substance abuse disorder being a common comorbid diagnosis.In the last two decades,a number of studies have demonstrated that persons with PTSD have smaller hippocampi than controls.This may result from the neurotoxic effects of stress hormones examined the hippocampal volume of combat veterans with and without PTSD who each had an identical twin who never served in the military.Fabricated results consistent with this study are shown in Figure 15.1.
Figure 15.1
-(Scenario I) The results of the study by Gilbertson and colleagues (2002) suggest that:

• A)among veterans,smaller hippocampi probably are due to trauma-induced glucocorticoid release.
• B)smaller hippocampi may make people more susceptible to PTSD if exposed to a traumatic event.
• C)soldiers with smaller hippocampi probably will develop PTSD.
• D)PTSD is largely genetically determined.

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Definitions:

Gender Identity

An individual's personal sense of their own gender, which may or may not align with their biological sex.

Gender Role

A set of beliefs about how boys/men and girls/women should behave.

Social Identification

The process by which individuals define themselves in terms of their group memberships, shaping their feelings, thoughts, and behaviors in accordance with group norms.

Identity

A mental operation in which a child realizes that a change limited to outward appearance does not change the substances involved.