Use the Following to Answer Questions

question 272

Multiple Choice

Use the following to answer questions :
Scenario I
Thousands of words exist in our language to describe aspects of personality.In a search for fundamental traits,psychologists have used statistical techniques such as factor analysis to identify the core dimensions underlying the structure of personality.Over the years,different analyses have yielded different results.Cattell (1950) proposed a model of personality based on 16 unique factors.Eysenck (1967) argued that the thousands of specific behavioural tendencies often attributed to personality can be adequately described by just two dimensions.One dimension (extraversion) ranges from introversion (low scores on this dimension) to extraversion (high scores) ,and the other (neuroticism) ranges from emotionally stable (low scores) to emotionally unstable (high scores) .Today,the most commonly accepted model of personality-the Big Five-posits the existence of five unique dimensions of personality: openness to experience,conscientiousness,extraversion,agreeableness,and neuroticism (McCrae & Costa,1999) .Consistent with Eysenck's model,each dimension reflects a range of behavioural tendencies.For example,agreeableness might range from helpful to uncooperative.Someone low in conscientiousness probably will miss deadlines for work assignments,and persons who never travel from their hometowns will score low on openness to experience.Research has shown that these five dimensions of personality appear in all cultures and age groups.
-(Scenario I) Research demonstrating that the Big Five personality dimensions appear in all cultures and age groups suggests that these dimensions:

• A)cause most instances of social behaviour.
• B)are artifacts of similarities in language and labelling.
• C)are learned behaviours shaped by common environments.
• D)have a biological basis.

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Definitions:

Positive Life Events

Positive life events refer to occurrences that have a beneficial impact on an individual's mental health or well-being, such as achieving a personal goal or experiencing a rewarding relationship.

Theoretical Orientation

A foundational set of beliefs and assumptions in psychotherapy that guides a therapist's approach to understanding and treating clients.

Negative Thoughts

Cognitive processes or patterns that are pessimistic, self-defeating, or contribute to a negative view of oneself, others, or the world.

Unipolar Depression

A major depressive disorder characterized by a persistent feeling of sadness or lack of interest.