________ a Major Application of Causal Research, in Which, Prior

question 91

Multiple Choice

________ a major application of causal research, in which, prior to launching a new product, elements such as package, price, and promotion are manipulated in a controlled setting in order to predict sales and possible responses to the product.

• A) Surveys are
• B) Focus groups are
• C) Secondary research is
• D) Test marketing is
• E) One-on-one interviewing is

---

Definitions:

Common Stock

Equity ownership in a corporation, with voting rights and potential dividends not guaranteed.

Preferred Stock

A class of ownership in a corporation with a fixed dividend that is paid out before dividends to common shareholders and typically lacks voting rights.

Flotation Costs

The financial outlay a corporation faces when it issues new securities, encompassing fees for underwriting, legal counsel, and the process of registration.

New Issues

Refers to securities that are offered to the public for the first time, either through an initial public offering (IPO) for stocks or a new bond issue.