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According to the text, behaviours attributed to the environment are
Secondary Reinforcement
A process wherein a stimulus reinforces a behavior because it is associated with a primary reinforcer (e.g., praise that becomes rewarding because it is linked to receiving a physical reward).
Negative Reinforcement
A behavior modification technique that involves the removal of an unpleasant stimulus to increase the likelihood of a desired response.
Positive Reinforcement
Any pleasant or desirable consequence that follows a response and increases the probability that the response will be repeated.
Punishment
A consequence that reduces the likelihood of a behavior being repeated in the future.
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