Instructions: _∙ Identify Each Item. Give an Explanation or Description of of the Item

question 61

Essay

Instructions:
_∙ Identify each item. Give an explanation or description of the item. Answer the questions who, what, where, and when.
Explain the historical significance of each item. Establish the historical context in which the
_∙ item exists. Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study. Answer this question: What were the political, social, economic,
and/or cultural consequences of this item?
-the "Kitchen Cabinet"

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Definitions:

Equal Protection of the Law

A constitutional principle that requires states to treat all citizens equally under the law, prohibiting discrimination on the basis of race, religion, gender, or national origin.

Brown v. Board of Education

A landmark Supreme Court decision in 1954 that declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional, challenging racial segregation.

Pavan v. Smith

A significant U.S. Supreme Court case in 2017 that ruled same-sex couples must be treated equally with respect to the listing of parentage on birth certificates.

Supremacy Clause

A clause in the U.S. Constitution declaring that federal laws are the supreme law of the land and take precedence over state laws.