Which of the Following Statements Is Not True Concerning the Time

question 36

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements is not true concerning the time order of occurrence of variables?

• A)In an after-the-fact examination of the situation,we can never confidently rule out all other causal factors.
• B)The causing event must occur either before or simultaneously with the effect;it cannot occur afterwards.
• C)An effect cannot be produced by an event that occurs after the effect has taken place.
• D)It is possible for each event in a relationship to be both a cause and an effect of the other event.

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Definitions:

Direct Methods

Techniques or approaches that involve straightforward and explicit means of obtaining information or achieving results.

Self-Report Inventories

Psychological assessment tools where individuals provide information about themselves, typically regarding symptoms, behaviors, or personality traits.

Reliability

The degree to which an assessment tool produces stable and consistent results over time.

Validity

The extent to which a test or instrument measures what it is intended to measure.