In the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century, the Catholic

question 32

Multiple Choice

In the second half of the nineteenth century, the Catholic Church

• A)condemned "progress, " "liberalism, " and "modern civilization."
• B)allied itself politically with reactionary forces.
• C)officially adopted the doctrine of papal infallibility in matters of faith and morals.
• D)attempted to regain power it had lost as a result of the unrest of 1848.
• E)All of these.

---

Definitions:

Price

The monetary worth anticipated, necessitated, or provided in compensation for an item.

Equivalent Variation

A measure in economics that captures the change in income needed to reach a utility level after a price change, keeping welfare constant.

Utility Function

A mathematical model used in economics to represent a consumer's preference ranking for different bundles of goods, showing satisfaction levels.

Consumption

The act of using goods and services to satisfy needs or wants.