Which Is an Example of a Trait-Mediated Indirect Effect

question 22

Multiple Choice

Which is an example of a trait-mediated indirect effect?

• A) A predator causes a consumer to change its foraging pattern, affecting the amount of food consumed.
• B) Predators consume most of their main prey, then switch to omnivory.
• C) Herbivores migrate in and out of communities depending on perceived predation risk.
• D) Herbivores consume vegetation, which reduces hiding places for predators stalking their prey.

---

Definitions:

Variable Factor

An input or resource whose quantity can be changed in the short run to adjust production levels.

Total Output

The total quantity of goods or services produced by an economy or firm in a given period.

Total Product Curve

A graph that illustrates the total quantity of output produced by a firm as a function of the total quantity of a single input used, holding all other inputs constant.

Variable Input

Any production input that can be varied in the short term to increase or decrease output, such as labor or raw materials.