Astronomers Were Surprised to Find So Many Jupiter-Mass Planets So

question 7

Multiple Choice

Astronomers were surprised to find so many Jupiter-mass planets so close to their stars. According to their best theories and models, such "hot Jupiters"

• A) must have formed close to their stars, but only billions of years after the star formed
• B) must have been captured from a passing star that got very close
• C) must be falling into their stars and will soon be vaporized
• D) must have formed further out from the star and must have "migrated inward" early on
• E) are absolutely impossible, so they must be mistaken observations

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Definitions:

Individualistic

Emphasizing the moral worth of the individual and favoring freedom of action for individuals over collective or state control.

Hofstede

A Dutch social psychologist who developed a model identifying five dimensions of culture that help to understand differences in societies: power distance, individualism versus collectivism, masculinity versus femininity, uncertainty avoidance, and long-term versus short-term orientation.

Power Distance

Power distance refers to the extent to which less powerful members of institutions and organizations within a country expect and accept that power is distributed unequally.

Reciprocal Determinism

A theory in psychology that posits individual behavior, personal factors, and environmental influences interact and influence each other.