Why Do You Use Only Some of the Variation of Your

question 6

Multiple Choice

Why do you use only some of the variation of your treatment variable (the component predicted in the first stage) when using an instrumental variable approach?

• A) To get smaller standard errors.
• B) To avoid the heteroscedasticity problem.
• C) To have the estimate of the treatment effect be based only on variation that is exogenous variation to the other factors affecting the outcome.
• D) To have the estimate of the treatment effect be based only on variation of the treatment that is correlated with the outcome.

Acknowledge the role and influence of family in political socialization.

Identify the roles of opinion leaders in shaping political attitudes.

Comprehend the challenges and methodologies of public opinion polling.

Understand the importance of randomness and representative sampling in polling accuracy.

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Definitions:

Reality

The state of things as they actually exist, as opposed to an idealistic or notional idea of them.

Perception

The way in which something is regarded, understood, or interpreted by the mind.

Multiple Causality

The concept that an event or phenomenon can be caused by more than one factor or reason.

Past Experience

Previous events or interactions that influence an individual's beliefs, behaviors, and attitudes.