In a True Experimental Design

question 11

Multiple Choice

In a true experimental design:

• A) every threat to the validity of the conclusions reached is eliminated.
• B) treatments to different samples are implemented with significant variations.
• C) the validity of a conclusion is confirmed if a threat is plausible.
• D) an independent variable is manipulated by the researcher to assess the effect of the manipulation on a dependent variable.

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Definitions:

Total Fixed Costs

The overall sum of all costs that do not change with the level of output, such as rent, salaries, and insurance.

Total Costs

The aggregate expense incurred in the production and delivery of goods or services, combining direct, indirect, fixed, and variable costs.

Total Variable Costs

This represents the sum of all costs that vary with the level of output in the production process, such as materials and labor directly involved in making a product.

Average Fixed Costs (AFC)

The fixed costs of production (not varying with output) divided by the quantity of output produced; typically decreases as production increases.