Examlex
To receive S corporation treatment,a qualifying shareholder must be an individual,partnership,estate,qualifying trust,or certain kinds of tax-exempt organizations.
Conditioned Reinforcer
A stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through association with a primary reinforcer, thereby able to modify behavior.
Primary Reinforcer
A naturally reinforcing stimulus like food or water that satisfies a basic biological need and does not require learning to become pleasurable.
Basic Biological Needs
Fundamental physiological requirements for human survival, such as food, water, shelter, and sleep.
Cognitive Maps
Mental representations of physical spaces, helping individuals to navigate and understand spatial environments.
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